Vaccination

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Vaccination

Methods of vaccination:
  1. Hold the chick with one eye turned up.
  2. Take the reconstituted vaccine in a sterile syringe using a blunt needle if 16 gauge or take it into a dropper bottle.
  3. Install one drop in the eye.
  4. Ensure that the vaccine drop is completely absorbed in the eye.
  5. Take the reconstituted vaccine in a holder, which is attached with an automatic syringe.
  6. Inject subcutaneously in the lower half of the neck, under the loose skin at the point midway between the birds head and base of the neck.
Prepration of Vaccines:

Preparation of Freeze Dried Vaccine

  1. Store the diluent bottles in the refrigerator overnight before use to chill.
  2. Using sterile needles and syringe withdraw approximately 2-5 ml chilled diluent and transfer it to vaccine vial.
  3. Suspend the vaccine pellet by shaking vaccine vial moderately
  4. Using the same syringe, remove the diluted vaccine and transfer to the diluent bottle.
  5. Rinse the vaccine vials twice with 2-5 ml. of diluted vaccine and transfer the same to the diluent bottle.
  6. Mix the final vaccine by gently inverting the diluent several times also by Shaking the diluent bottle in a whirling movement of eight.
  7. During vaccination shake the bottle of reconstitued vaccine frequently and keep it on ice.

Cell Associated Vaccine HVT & SB1


Store diluent at 30±3°C. Thawing Should be done in water-bath at 35-37°C within 45-60 seconds. Wipe Ampoule with dry cloth , Break open ampoule. Withdraw vaccine & transfer to diluents bottle. Rinse the ampoule twice with diluent. Gently mix Keep it at 30±3°C temperature. Finish vaccination within one hour.


Handle with care .Use Gloves & Glasses while handling Liquid Nitrogen

 

Preparation of Inactivated Vaccines


Remove the vaccine from the refrigerator the day before it is to be used and allow it to attend room temperature because viscosity of the emulsion increases during refrigeration.


Shake well before use and also during the frequent syring withdrawals.

 

Precautions:


A : General
1. Vaccine should have been manufactured by a reputed company which follows rigid quality standards for vaccines production.
2. Vaccines should be purchased from a shop which has refrigeration and freezer facilities.
3. Vaccine should not have passed its expiry date printed on its lable.
4. Viral live vaccine should be transported from the market to the farm on ice.
5. Instructions printed on the label of the vaccine should be strictly followed.
6. Exact dose of vaccine should be adminstered in the way it is recommended.
7. Vaccines should not be stored for a long time. It may be purchased when needed, but sufficiently in advance so that vaccination could be done on a scheduled date. One should keep an eye whether vaccine is in short supply.
8. Ailing flock should not be vaccinated. It may not respond to the vaccine or to the stress due to the vaccine, may aggrevate the disease present.
9. Very young chick should not be vaccinated. Maternal antibodies present in them may neutralize the virus and may not allow immune response to develop.
10. Live vaccines should not be used in areas where the disease has not existed.
11. Equipment used for vaccination should be cleaned and sterilised.
12. Vaccination should be done during the cold hours of the day.

 

B : Special Precautions for live viral vaccines.


1. Live vaccines should always be kept in a refrigerator or in a freezer.
2. While suspending the vaccine in a diluent, the diluent should be cooled to a temperature of 4-10°Centigrade.
3. Vaccine suspension should be prepared just before it is used and should not lie unused.
4. Only that much amount of vaccine should be suspended which will be used up within a period of two hours of its preparation.
5. Only a small amount of vaccine should be taken into a dropper or a vaccinator so that it could be used within 10-15 minutes to prevent transfer of heat from the hands of the vaccinating person.
6. Un-used vaccine and vaccine containers should be incinerated or deep burried.
7. Vaccination should not be interrupted. The whole flock should be vaccinated at a stretch.

 

C : Precautions for vaccination through drinking water.


Since modern poultry farming raises a large number of birds, it is difficult to vaccinate individual bird and therefore administration of vaccine through drinking water is generally practised. But this mode of vaccination does not ensure up-take of vaccine by each bird. Vaccination through drinking water should not be followed for primary vaccination. Primary vaccination should be done by taking care of individual bird. Booster vaccination may be done through drinking water, taking certain precautions as follows:
1. Birds should be made thirsty by withdrawing water for about two hours before vaccination (in summer season one hour is sufficient).
2. All waterers and utensils to be used for vaccine preparation should be cleaned with non-medicated water.
3. Drinking water to be used for vaccine preparation should not contain any detergents or medicines that may kill the organisms in vaccine.
4. Water should be cooled if necessary by adding ice cubes. It should also contains 6gm/lt of water of skimmed milk powder. This stabilizes the virus in the vaccine and prevents the action of detergents if any present in water. Skimmed milk powder should be dissolved in water and formation of lumps should be avoided.
5. Vaccine should be suspended in such a quantity of water that it would be utilised by birds within two hours.
6. Sufficient waterers should be placed so that every chick should get water containing vaccine.